For the other one, it contends to place sensors on the scalp and recovers cerebral activity by measuring the electrical activity (EEG), Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and magnetic activity (MEG). It consists of implementing the electrode inside the brain through a delicate surgical operation. As depicted in Figure 2, the invasive technique is always used in a medical pathology analysis. The first unit recovers the brain signals from the scalp according to invasive or noninvasive methods. These 4 units are controlled by an operating protocol that defines the onset and timing of operation, the details of signal processing, the nature of the device commands, and the oversight of performance. The BCI system consists of 4 sequential units: (1) signal acquisition, (2) feature extraction, (3) feature translation, and (4) device output. No matter what the application is, the signal processing chain is the same.
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